多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载作用下路基振动响应研究          下载免费PDF全文

董连成  徐禛  师黎静  胡新福  高德领 《地震工程学报》2018,40(6):1153-1160

针对多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载振动作用下的动稳定性,通过对北麓河和二道沟三个典型铁路路基横断面振动响应的二分量加速度观测,对比分析客运列车和货运列车引起的路基振动特性和衰减规律,研究不同防护形式路基的列车振动响应。结果表明,路基上的振动作用主要集中在40～80Hz频率范围内;防护形式对路基的列车动力响应有明显影响,热棒加碎石路基动力响应最小,其次为碎石防护路基,未采取任何防护的路基铁轨上的动力响应最大,建议对未采取防护的路基进行防护。分析结论为青藏铁路列车作用下的路基动稳定性评估提供实测依据,对多年冻土区的路基稳定性研究提供参考。  相似文献   

基于MPI并行算法的电阻率法多种装置数据的三维联合反演          下载免费PDF全文

马欢  郭越  吴萍萍  谭捍东 《地球物理学报》2018,61(12):5052-5065

由于地表电阻率法受到浅地表局部异常体的干扰，反演精度受到影响，井中装置数据资料参与反演虽然可以减小浅地表局部异常体的干扰，但是由于钻井位置的局限性，数据量得不到保障，也会导致反演精度降低.为此，本文开发了一套结合地表、地-井、井-地和井-井装置数据的三维联合反演算法.首先，利用有限差分法实现正演模拟，采用非线性共轭梯度法（NLCG）恢复电阻率结构；其次，调用Message Passing Interface（MPI）函数库加速正演模拟和灵敏度矩阵运算，当开辟12个进程时，反演程序获得最大加速比4.51；最后，通过合成数据和实测数据算例证明该反演算法的有效性，也证实了多种装置组合数据体反演结果明显优于单一地表装置数据体反演结果.  相似文献   

The information system of the French Peatland Observation Service: Service National d'Observation Tourbières – A valuable tool to assess the impact of global changes on the hydrology and biogeochemistry of temperate peatlands through long term monitoring     

Sébastien Gogo  Jean-Baptiste Paroissien  Fatima Laggoun-Défarge  Jean-Marc Antoine  Léonard Bernard-Jannin  Guillaume Bertrand  Philippe Binet  Stéphane Binet  Guillaume Bouger  Yohann Brossard  Thierry Camboulive  Jean-Pierre Caudal  Stéphane Chevrier  Geneviève Chiapiuso  Benoît D'Angelo  Pilar Durantez  Chris Flechard  André-Jean Francez  Didier Galop  Laure Gandois  Daniel Gilbert  Christophe Guimbaud  Louis Hinault  Adrien Jacotot  Franck Le Moing  Emilie Lerigoleur  Gaël Le Roux  Fabien Leroy  Alexandre Lhosmot  Qian Li  Elodie Machado Da Silva  Jean-Sébastien Moquet  Juanita Mora-Gomez  Laurent Perdereau  Thomas Rosset  Marie-Laure Toussaint 《水文研究》2021,35(6):e14244

Mitigating and adapting to global changes requires a better understanding of the response of the Biosphere to these environmental variations. Human disturbances and their effects act in the long term (decades to centuries) and consequently, a similar time frame is needed to fully understand the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of a natural system. To this end, the ‘Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique’ (CNRS) promotes and certifies long-term monitoring tools called national observation services or ‘Service National d'Observation’ (SNO) in a large range of hydrological and biogeochemical systems (e.g., cryosphere, catchments, aquifers). The SNO investigating peatlands, the SNO ‘Tourbières’, was certified in 2011 ( https://www.sno-tourbieres.cnrs.fr/ ). Peatlands are mostly found in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere and French peatlands are located in the southern part of this area. Thus, they are located in environmental conditions that will occur in northern peatlands in coming decades or centuries and can be considered as sentinels. The SNO Tourbières is composed of four peatlands: La Guette (lowland central France), Landemarais (lowland oceanic western France), Frasne (upland continental eastern France) and Bernadouze (upland southern France). Thirty target variables are monitored to study the hydrological and biogeochemical functioning of the sites. They are grouped into four datasets: hydrology, fluvial export of organic matter, greenhouse gas fluxes and meteorology/soil physics. The data from all sites follow a common processing chain from the sensors to the public repository. The raw data are stored on an FTP server. After operator or automatic processing, data are stored in a database, from which a web application extracts the data to make them available ( https://data-snot.cnrs.fr/data-access/ ). Each year at least, an archive of each dataset is stored in Zenodo, with a digital object identifier (DOI) attribution ( https://zenodo.org/communities/sno_tourbieres_data/ ).  相似文献   

Approximate traveltime inversion in downhole microseismic monitoring     

Sergey Yaskevich  Anton A. Duchkov  Yuriy Ivanov 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(3):918-925

In downhole microseismic monitoring, accurate event location relies on the accuracy of the velocity model. The model can be estimated along with event locations. Anisotropic models are important to get accurate event locations. Taking anisotropy into account makes it possible to use additional data – two S-wave arrivals generated due to shear-wave splitting. However, anisotropic ray tracing requires iterative procedures for computing group velocities, which may become unstable around caustics. As a result, anisotropic kinematic inversion may become time consuming. In this paper, we explore the idea of using simplified ray tracing to locate events and estimate medium parameters. In the simplified ray-tracing algorithm, the group velocity is assumed to be equal to phase velocity in both magnitude and direction. This assumption makes the ray-tracing algorithm five times faster compared to ray tracing based on exact equations. We present a set of tests showing that given perforation-shot data, one can use inversion based on simplified ray-tracing even for moderate-to-strong anisotropic models. When there are no perforation shots, event-location errors may become too large for moderately anisotropic media.  相似文献   

Socio-hydrological framework for investigating farmers’ activities affecting the shrinkage of Urmia Lake; hybrid data mining and agent-based modelling     

Parsa Pouladi  Amir Molajou  Mohammad Hadi Afshar 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(8):1249-1261

ABSTRACT

Developing a general framework to capture the complexities associated with the non-linear and adaptive nature of farmers facing water resources scarcity is a challenging problem. This paper integrates agent-based modelling (ABM) and a data mining method to develop a hybrid socio-hydrological framework to provide future insights for policy-makers. The data associated with the farmers’ main characteristics were collected through field surveys and interviews. Afterwards, the association rule was employed to discover the main patterns representing the farmers’ agricultural decisions. The discovered patterns were then used as the behavioural rules in ABM to simulate the agricultural activities. The proposed framework has been was applied to explore the interactions between agricultural activities and the main river feeding the Urmia-Lake, Iran. The outcomes indicate that farmers’ acquisitive traits and belongings have significant impacts on their socio-hydrological interactions. The reported values of the efficiency criteria may support the satisfactory performance of the proposed framework.  相似文献   

利用BDS与无人船进行污染源分析及处理     

姜沣珊  岳中杨  程俊颖  赵泽阳 《测绘通报》2020,(2):155-159

在大数据的背景下，充分利用北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）的定位功能，以无人船作为用户端，在水质数据采集和污染源位置的问题中积极探索新的实践方案，迅速、准确地找到污染源，减少河流污染物污染的时间，且无人船上装有净化模块，在发现污染时可作简易处理。在无人船上安装水质分析仪，水质分析仪的传输模块中安装经给防水处理的北斗卫星定位芯片和WiFi数据传输器，进而对河流的污染物种类及浓度进行分析，并采用大数据的计算方法，计算出污染源位置，向云平台反映污染源位置分析结果与污染物处理方法。通过BDS，将数据按照位置区域划分，并将能到达污染源的最短路径发送到处理人的移动设备上。本文通过对基于BDS定位的水质污染监测可视化系统进行分析，以期迅速找出污染源，减少水质污染现象的发生。  相似文献   

自然资源一体化政务服务系统及数据融合建设——以南京为例     

陈波  崔蓓  丁鑫 《测绘通报》2020,(12):75-78

自然资源部制定的信息化建设总体方案中，要求构建“互联网+自然资源政务服务”应用体系，实现“服务事项标准统一、整体联动、业务协同，自然资源政务服务和共享开放能力全面提高”。一体化政务服务系统作为政务服务应用体系的重点建设内容，也是落实自然资源管理“两统一”职责的重要支撑，如何整合各类数据资源、发挥系统作用，成为亟待研究的问题。本文在分析自然资源业务管理需求后，提出了一体化政务服务系统及数据融合的建设思路。  相似文献   

基于MODIS数据的湖北省地级以上城市城区地表温度变化分析     

李韶颖  车风  邵军  陈涛  周婧娟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(2):76-78

基于MODIS数据,以湖北省地级以上城市城区为研究对象,通过对湖北省13个地级以上城市城区边界矢量数据与地表温度因子进行套合处理,采用叠置分析方法对2000、2015、2017年湖北省地级以上城市城区的地表温度进行统计,并分析城镇化建设对城区地表温度产生的影响。  相似文献   

基于广义回归神经网络的全球表层海水1°×1°二氧化碳分压数据推演     

钟国荣  李学刚  曲宝晓  王彦俊  袁华茂  宋金明 《海洋学报》2020,42(10):70-79

表层海水二氧化碳分压是评估海洋碳源汇强度的关键参数，但其实测数据较少、时空分布极不均匀，导致二氧化碳交换通量的估算有很大的不确定性，海洋源汇特征就不能确切获取。为了解决这个难题，在收集的表层大洋二氧化碳地图(Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas，SOCAT)实测数据集基础上，运用广义回归神经网络建立二氧化碳分压与经纬度、时间、温度、盐度和叶绿素浓度间的非线性关系，构建了1998?2018年间全球1°×1°经纬度的表层海水二氧化碳分压格点数据，其标准误差为16.93 μatm，平均相对误差为2.97%，优于现有研究中的前反馈神经网络、自组织映射神经网络和机器学习算法等方法。根据构建的数据所绘制的全球表层海水二氧化碳分压的分布与现有研究有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

基于与Jason-2数据比对的Jason-3卫星高度计全球数据质量评估   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘治中  杨俊钢  张杰  崔伟 《海洋学报》2020,42(3):129-139

Jason-3卫星高度计于2016年1月17日成功发射，2016年2月12日进入预定轨道，与Jason-2高度计同轨进入编队飞行阶段，并落后Jason-2高度计约1分20秒，两者相距约560 km。2016年9月1日，Jason-2高度计变换轨道，编队飞行阶段结束，两高度计进入平行轨道，以增加卫星高度计对地观测的空间覆盖。本研究主要开展了Jason-3高度计的数据质量的评估与检验，包括Jason-3高度计数据可用性和有效性的验证，以及Jason-3高度计和校正辐射计各参数的数据质量监测。重点开展了Jason-2与Jason-3高度计各项参数的综合比较，利用Jason-2与Jason-3高度计编队飞行阶段的数据精确评估了两高度计参数的一致性，并从全球数据角度分析了Jason-3高度计获取各参数的能力以及稳定性；通过与Jason-2互交叉点比较分析评估Jason-3高度计海面高度数据质量情况，验证Jason-3高度计数据精度。结果表明，Jason-3高度计的数据质量满足高度计测高的要求，具有与Jason-1、Jason-2、T/P等高度计相同或更高的测高精度以监测全球海平面变化，此外，Jason-3有效波高参数数据质量明显优于Jason-2高度计。  相似文献